GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

 Prevention, Support, and Justice

Gender-based violence (GBV) is one of the most widespread and persistent human rights violations around the world. It transcends borders, cultures, and socioeconomic status—affecting women and girls disproportionately. From domestic violence and sexual assault to harmful cultural practices and psychological abuse, GBV undermines health, dignity, security, and freedom.

Addressing this global issue requires a multi-faceted approach, including prevention, legal protection, survivor support, and long-term systemic change.

Understanding Gender-Based Violence (GBV)

Gender-based violence refers to harmful acts directed at individuals based on their gender. It includes, but is not limited to:

• Domestic and intimate partner violence
• Sexual harassment and assault
• Human trafficking and exploitation
• Forced marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM)
• Emotional and psychological abuse
• Online harassment and cyberstalking

While GBV can affect anyone, women and girls are particularly vulnerable due to social, cultural, and legal inequalities that still persist in many parts of the world.

Prevention: Breaking the Cycle Before It Begins

Prevention is the first and most crucial step in ending GBV. It involves transforming the root causes—patriarchal norms, gender stereotypes, and unequal power dynamics.

Key prevention strategies include:

🔹 Education and Awareness

Teaching communities about consent, respect, and gender equality can change attitudes and behaviors. School curricula, community workshops, and media campaigns all play an essential role in creating informed societies.

🔹 Engaging Men and Boys

GBV prevention must involve men and boys as allies and advocates. When they speak out against violence, challenge harmful norms, and support survivors, the culture begins to shift.

🔹 Safe Spaces and Early Interventions

Providing safe environments—such as girls’ clubs, helplines, and community centers—allows individuals to access information, report early warning signs, and seek support before violence escalates.

Support: Caring for Survivors

Survivors of GBV often face long-term physical and emotional trauma. Holistic support services are essential for healing and recovery:

• Medical care for injuries and reproductive health
• Psychological counseling and trauma-informed therapy
• Shelters and safe housing for those fleeing abuse
• Legal aid and protection orders
• Vocational training to restore independence

Support systems must be survivor-centered, confidential, and accessible—especially for women in remote or underserved communities.

Justice: Holding Perpetrators Accountable

Access to justice remains a significant barrier for many GBV survivors. Challenges include fear of retaliation, lack of legal awareness, social stigma, and weak enforcement of laws.

To achieve justice, countries and communities must:

✅ Strengthen Legal Frameworks

Laws must clearly define and criminalize all forms of GBV, ensure protection for survivors, and hold perpetrators accountable without delay.

✅ Train Law Enforcement and Judiciary

Police officers, healthcare workers, and judicial authorities should be trained to handle GBV cases with sensitivity, urgency, and professionalism.

✅ Ensure Survivor-Centered Legal Processes

Survivors should be empowered through legal processes—not retraumatized. This includes respecting their privacy, providing legal counsel, and ensuring their voices are heard.

How The SOL Foundation Supports Survivors and Drives Change

At The SOL Foundation, we recognize that eradicating gender-based violence is essential to achieving true empowerment for women and girls. As part of our #SOLEmpowernment initiative, we are committed to:

💛 Creating Safe Spaces – Through our community programs and youth engagement efforts, we promote environments where women and girls can feel heard, respected, and safe.

💛 Awareness Campaigns – We use education and storytelling to challenge stigma and raise awareness about the realities of GBV.

💛 Supporting Partners on the Ground – We collaborate with organizations that provide shelter, mental health services, legal support, and skills training for survivors of violence.

💛 Advocating for Policy Change – We amplify voices calling for stronger legal protections and fairer justice systems to support survivors and deter abuse.

Our work is grounded in the belief that no woman should live in fear—and every survivor deserves justice, dignity, and the opportunity to rebuild.

Together, We Can End Gender-Based Violence

Ending gender-based violence is not the work of a few—it’s a collective responsibility. Governments, communities, civil society, and individuals must all play a role in changing attitudes, challenging injustice, and supporting healing.

You can be part of the solution:

✔ Educate yourself and others

✔ Speak up when you witness abuse or discrimination

✔ Support organizations working with survivors

✔ Listen without judgment

✔ Advocate for stronger protections

Violence has no place in any society. Let’s continue to stand with survivors, break the silence, and build a world where all women can live free from fear.

......................................................................................................................................

Website: https://www.the-sol-foundation.org/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thesol_foundation/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thesolfoundationorg/

X: https://x.com/the_solf_org

TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thesolfoundation

Blog: https://the-sol-foundation.blogspot.com/

Email: coordinator@the-sol-foundation.org

Let us take a look at some of the feedback received from our Instagram family talking about the impact of education in our lives:

@lavingdelegend 

" Violence committed against a person for their gender"

@theadventglobal 

"Wanting only boys at birth and eliminating girls"

@bollywood_translations 

"Not giving access to education, resources and funds to girls/women for better future, rather investing only in men." 

@flaviu.soul 

"Discrimination based on gender" 

@_real_rizwana 

"Not investing in girls' education" 

@nashina.noorani

"Confirming to gender stereotypes" 

THE FUTURE OF SCHOOL GARDENS

Long-Term Impact and Expansion

School gardens have emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing education, fostering environmental stewardship, and promoting community well-being. As the concept grows in popularity, educators, policymakers, and community leaders are beginning to explore how these gardens can evolve to create lasting impacts and benefit larger populations. Here, we examine the potential long-term benefits of school gardens and strategies for scaling them up to reach more schools and communities.

1. Educational Enrichment

School gardens are living classrooms, offering students hands-on learning experiences in science, math, and even art. Over time, these gardens can help cultivate critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills. Studies show that experiential learning improves retention and engagement, fostering a love for learning that lasts a lifetime.

2. Improved Health and Nutrition

Gardening instills healthy eating habits as students gain a deeper appreciation for fresh, nutritious foods. By learning to grow fruits, vegetables, and herbs, children develop a stronger connection to their food sources, which can lead to healthier dietary choices. In the long term, this knowledge may reduce rates of obesity and diet-related illnesses in communities.

3. Environmental Awareness

School gardens teach sustainability practices, such as composting, water conservation, and organic gardening. These lessons empower students to become environmentally conscious citizens. Over generations, this could significantly influence community attitudes toward environmental protection.

4. Social and Emotional Development

Tending to a garden fosters patience, responsibility, and resilience. The inclusive nature of school gardens can also help bridge social divides, creating a sense of belonging and mutual respect among students.

5. Community Integration

As gardens expand, they often serve as community hubs. Parents, teachers, and local organizations can collaborate on garden projects, strengthening the social fabric and fostering a sense of shared purpose.

Scaling Up School Gardens

To maximize the impact of school gardens, it’s essential to focus on strategies for expansion and sustainability. Here’s how this vision can become a reality:

1. Policy Support and Funding

Governments and local authorities can prioritize school gardens by integrating them into educational policies and curricula. Allocating funds for garden infrastructure, tools, and training programs ensures these initiatives thrive. Partnerships with private organizations and NGOs such as The SOL Foundation can also provide resources and expertise.

2. Teacher Training and Support

Scaling up school gardens requires investing in teacher training programs. Educators equipped with the knowledge to manage gardens and incorporate them into lesson plans are critical to long-term success. Peer mentorship and workshops can further enhance their confidence and capabilities.

3. Community Partnerships

Collaborations with local farmers, horticulturists, and environmental groups can provide valuable guidance and resources. Community engagement also encourages long-term commitment to the garden's success, with parents and local businesses playing active roles.

4. Technology Integration

Digital tools can revolutionize the way school gardens operate. Apps for tracking plant growth, virtual gardening workshops, and online seed exchanges can make gardens more accessible and engaging. Technology can also facilitate data collection for measuring impact and refining approaches.

5. Expanding Beyond Schools

By scaling school gardens to include neighboring communities, the benefits can extend far beyond the classroom. Community garden networks can share resources, host workshops, and even contribute to local food systems. This expansion creates a ripple effect, reaching families and fostering food security.

6. Sustainability Measures

Ensuring the longevity of school gardens means adopting sustainable practices like rainwater harvesting, solar-powered irrigation, and native plant use. Gardens designed with minimal environmental impact and low maintenance requirements are more likely to succeed over time.

The Vision Ahead

The future of school gardens is bright, with the potential to transform not only schools but entire communities. As these green spaces grow, they can become catalysts for educational innovation, environmental sustainability, and social change. By nurturing young minds and fostering community connections, school gardens plant the seeds for a healthier, more sustainable future.

The challenge now is to scale these initiatives while maintaining their core values of inclusivity, education, and sustainability. With the right support and vision, school gardens can become a universal symbol of growth, resilience, and hope for generations to come.

At The SOL Foundation, we recognize the transformative power of school gardens in shaping healthier, more self-sufficient communities. Through our programs and partnerships, we support schools in developing sustainable garden initiatives that not only provide fresh food but also serve as vital educational tools. 

By partnering with us, organizations and individuals can make a meaningful impact by sponsoring garden projects, providing training, or contributing resources that help schools and communities flourish.

When you sponsor a school garden through The SOL Foundation, you’re not just supporting a single initiative—you’re investing in a sustainable future. Our partners benefit from increased community engagement, visibility, and the fulfillment of making a lasting difference in children's lives. Together, we can cultivate a world where every child has access to green spaces that nourish both the body and mind.

Want to get involved? Join us in growing a greener future today.

Website: https://www.the-sol-foundation.org/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thesol_foundation/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thesolfoundationorg/

X: https://x.com/the_solf_org

TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thesolfoundation

Blog: https://the-sol-foundation.blogspot.com/

Email: coordinator@the-sol-foundation.org

GROWING TOGETHER

Community involvement is the heart of any successful school garden. Beyond simply planting seeds, a school garden offers opportunities for children, parents, local volunteers, and organizations to unite around a shared goal: fostering sustainability, education, and responsibility.

The Importance of Community Engagement in School Gardens

When a school garden project is launched, it thrives best when the whole community is involved. This includes teachers, students, parents, and volunteers working hand in hand to create a nurturing environment where children can learn and grow. Here's why community engagement is so important:

1. Shared Knowledge and Skills: Parents and local volunteers often bring unique gardening skills, knowledge about sustainability, or even experience with specific plants that can enhance the learning experience for students. When everyone contributes, the garden becomes a place of shared growth, where both children and adults can learn from one another.
2. Fostering Responsibility: School gardens teach students responsibility, as they care for living plants from seed to harvest. But it doesn’t end there—when parents and volunteers are involved, children see the value of teamwork and shared responsibility. It becomes a lesson in community care and collaboration.
3. Creating Lasting Relationships: Engaging the community in school gardens builds stronger relationships between families, teachers, and local volunteers. These gardens create spaces for people to meet, share ideas, and foster a stronger connection to their local environment.
4. Enhancing Local Environment: Community participation in gardens promotes environmental awareness. As parents and volunteers support the school garden, they become advocates for sustainable living practices. This ripple effect helps spread knowledge about eco-friendly habits, from composting to recycling.

How Local Volunteers and Parents Can Contribute

Parents and volunteers have a wide range of skills they can contribute to a school garden project. Here's how:

1. Offering Time and Expertise: Whether someone is a seasoned gardener or completely new to it, their time and willingness to help make a difference. Local volunteers can assist with planting, maintenance, and even teaching students the basics of gardening.
2. Donating Materials: Many school gardens operate on limited budgets, and parents or community members can donate seeds, tools, compost, or even garden decor to help the garden flourish.
3. Mentorship Programs: Volunteers and parents can mentor students, teaching them the value of patience, persistence, and care. These lessons extend far beyond the garden itself, impacting students' personal growth.

How The SOL Foundation Helps

At The SOL Foundation, we strongly believe in the power of community-driven projects like school gardens. We partner with schools, non-profits, and community organizations to create sustainable, thriving gardens that benefit not only students but also the larger community.

The SOL Foundation helps by:

• Providing Expertise: We guide schools and communities through every step of the garden creation process, from planning and design to maintenance and harvest. Our team of experts, including gardeners and agroforestry specialists, ensures that each garden is built with sustainable practices in mind.
• Offering Resources and Grants: Through our global network, The SOL Foundation connects schools with the resources and grants needed to make their garden projects successful. Whether it's providing seeds, tools, or technical knowledge, we make sure every school garden is set up for long-term success.
• Fostering Global Impact: Every school garden created with our support becomes part of a larger, global initiative. By promoting sustainable agriculture, healthy eating, and environmental education, The SOL Foundation helps schools and communities grow together, creating a lasting impact for future generations.

A school garden is much more than a space to grow plants—it’s a space to grow connections. With active community involvement, these gardens foster responsibility, collaboration, and environmental awareness, creating benefits that extend far beyond the classroom.

By partnering with The SOL Foundation, schools can build gardens that enrich both students and the surrounding community, ensuring that we all grow together in a more sustainable and connected world.

For partnerships and more information please reach us at: 

Website: https://www.the-sol-foundation.org/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thesol_foundation/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thesolfoundationorg/

X: https://x.com/the_solf_org

TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thesolfoundation

Blog: https://the-sol-foundation.blogspot.com/

Email: coordinator@the-sol-foundation.org

THE POWER OF SCHOOL GARDENS

Transforming Education and Nutrition

School gardens are more than just a patch of green spaces in schools—they are dynamic learning environments that cultivate knowledge, responsibility, and health. As education evolves, the integration of school gardens into the curriculum is proving to be a powerful tool for transforming both education and nutrition. These gardens offer hands-on learning experiences that go beyond traditional classroom settings, providing students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed both academically and personally.

Hands-On Learning

One of the most significant benefits of school gardens is the opportunity for hands-on learning. In a world where much of education is becoming increasingly digital, school gardens offer a tangible way for students to engage with their lessons. Whether it's science, math, or social studies, the garden becomes a living laboratory where concepts come to life.

For instance, students can learn about the life cycle of plants by growing their own vegetables. They can apply math skills by measuring garden beds or calculating the amount of soil needed. Environmental science lessons are enriched as students observe ecosystems, composting, and sustainable practices firsthand. This experiential learning helps students retain information more effectively and fosters a deeper understanding of the subjects they study.

Additionally, working in the garden encourages teamwork, problem-solving, and critical thinking. Students must collaborate to plan, plant, and maintain their garden, learning valuable social and emotional skills in the process. The garden becomes a place where students of all learning styles can thrive, making education more inclusive and engaging.

Improved Nutrition

School gardens are also powerful tools for improving nutrition among students. By growing their own fruits and vegetables, students develop a better understanding of where their food comes from and the importance of eating fresh, nutritious meals. Studies have shown that students who participate in garden programs are more likely to try new fruits and vegetables and develop healthier eating habits.

The connection between the garden and the cafeteria is a crucial one. When students grow food that ends up on their lunch trays, they take pride in their work and are more inclined to eat what they've produced. This connection helps combat childhood obesity and malnutrition by providing access to fresh, organic produce that might otherwise be unavailable to some students.

Moreover, school gardens can be a gateway to discussions about broader topics such as food security, sustainability, and environmental stewardship. Students learn about the impact of their food choices on their health and the planet, empowering them to make informed decisions that benefit both.

Cultivating a Lifelong Love for Learning and Nature

The benefits of school gardens extend far beyond the classroom. By fostering a connection with nature, these gardens instill a lifelong appreciation for the environment and the importance of sustainable living. Students who participate in garden programs are more likely to continue gardening at home, bringing their newfound knowledge and healthy habits into their communities.

Gardening also provides therapeutic benefits, helping to reduce stress and improve mental well-being. In a world where children are often overwhelmed by academic pressures and digital distractions, the garden offers a peaceful refuge where they can unwind and reconnect with the natural world.

A Seed for the Future

School gardens are much more than educational tools—they are seeds for a healthier, more informed, and environmentally conscious future. By integrating gardens into the curriculum, schools can enhance hands-on learning, improve student nutrition, and foster a lifelong love for the environment. As these gardens grow, so too do the students who tend them, blossoming into well-rounded individuals ready to make a positive impact on the world.

You can support the school gardens across the globe which help provide a nutritious diet for the students as well as providing sustenance to the communities around them.

https://www.the-sol-foundation.org/store/p19/School_Garden.html

Website: https://www.the-sol-foundation.org/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thesol_foundation/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thesolfoundationorg/

X: https://x.com/the_solf_org

TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thesolfoundation

Blog: https://the-sol-foundation.blogspot.com/

Email: coordinator@the-sol-foundation.org

............................................................................................................................

Let us take a look at some of the feedback received on Instagram:

@everylittlethingmatterz -

"Food for all"

@theadventglobal -

"Social skills, environment binding, being around environment provides positive impact to health."

@aisha_bagha -

"Provide sensory experiences and opportunities for hands-on learning experiences and exploration, fostering curiosity and creativity among students."

@zainab_akadir -

"Education to children on how to reuse and recycle."

@_real_rizwana -

"Hands on education and positive impact on health."

@rewireyourmindsetstrategy -

"Emotional longevity of bond, which releases mental exhaustion, and increases energy."

SUSTAINABLE LIVING FOR A HEALTHY MOTHERHOOD

 Becoming a mother is a beautiful journey that brings many changes. One important aspect of this journey is creating a sustainable and healthy living environment. Here’s how eco-friendly practices and organic diets can support a healthier motherhood: 

 Eco-Friendly Practices at Home

Creating a sustainable and toxin-free home environment is essential for both your physical and mental well-being. Here are some tips for mothers to make their homes more eco-friendly:

• Choose Non-Toxic Cleaning Products: Opt for cleaning supplies that are free from harsh chemicals. Brands that offer eco-friendly cleaning products use natural ingredients that are safe for you and your family.
• Reduce Plastic Use: Replace plastic containers with glass or stainless steel alternatives. This not only helps the environment but also reduces your exposure to harmful chemicals found in plastics.
• Energy Efficiency: Use energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs. Not only will this reduce your carbon footprint, but it will also lower your utility bills.
• Indoor Plants: Add some greenery to your home. Plants like aloe vera, snake plants, and peace lilies improve air quality by filtering toxins and boosting your mood.
• Natural Fabrics: Choose organic cotton, bamboo, or linen for bedding and clothing. These materials are free from harmful pesticides and are gentle on your skin.

The Role of Organic Diets

Eating organic and locally-grown foods is another crucial aspect of sustainable living that greatly benefits mothers. Here’s how:

• Nutrient-Rich Foods: Organic foods are often richer in essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Consuming a diet rich in these nutrients supports your physical health and boosts your immune system.
• Reduced Chemical Exposure: Organic produce is grown without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. This means fewer chemicals in your body, reducing the risk of health issues related to toxin exposure.
• Improved Mental Health: Studies suggest that a healthy diet is linked to better mental well-being. Eating fresh, whole foods can improve your mood, reduce stress, and increase energy levels.
• Support Local Farmers: Buying locally-grown foods supports local farmers and reduces the carbon footprint associated with transporting food over long distances.
• Better for the Environment: Organic farming practices promote soil health, conserve water, and reduce pollution, contributing to a healthier planet for future generations.
• Incorporating organic foods into your diet doesn’t have to be expensive or complicated. Start by visiting local farmers' markets or joining a community-supported agriculture program such as The SOL Foundation School Garden Program. Gradually replacing conventional produce with organic options can make a significant impact on your overall health and well-being.

Sustainable living isn’t just about protecting the environment; it’s also about creating a healthier and happier home for you and your family. By adopting eco-friendly practices and embracing an organic diet, mothers can enjoy better physical and mental health, ensuring a vibrant and nurturing environment for their children. Small, mindful changes today can lead to a healthier tomorrow.

Let us take a look at what our social media family has to say on sustainable living: 

X

@Uwerauganda -

"By making wiser food choices."

WhatsApp

Aisha - 

"Growing your own food, buying things with less packaging, don't buy disposable items, buy reusable ones and shop for produce locally instead of importing. " 

Instagram

@zainab_akadir -

"Recycle and reuse"

@_food_quote -

"Don't use single use plastic"

@theadventglobal -

"Reduce, reuse and recycle."

BENEFITS OF PLANTING TREES

In our last article, we sifted through some of the benefits, let us now look in detail at how plants are helping us and saving the environment: 

1. Oxygen Production

Through the process of photosynthesis, trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere. This oxygen is essential for human and animal respiration, providing the air we breathe to sustain life.

2. Carbon Sequestration

Trees act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in their biomass. By removing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from the air, trees help mitigate climate change by reducing the overall concentration of greenhouse gases responsible for trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.

3. Biodiversity Support 

Trees provide habitats for a wide variety of plant and animal species. Forests, in particular, are highly diverse ecosystems that support numerous species, from insects to mammals. The presence of trees helps preserve biodiversity by offering food, shelter, and breeding grounds for various organisms.

4. Soil Conservation 

Tree roots help anchor the soil, preventing erosion caused by wind and water. By holding the soil in place, trees help maintain soil fertility and structure, reducing the loss of topsoil and preserving valuable agricultural land.

5. Temperature Regulation

Trees provide shade, which helps reduce temperatures in their immediate surroundings. This natural cooling effect is particularly beneficial in urban areas, where the prevalence of concrete and asphalt can lead to higher temperatures, known as the urban heat island effect.

6. Water Conservation 

Tree roots absorb rainwater, reducing runoff and helping to recharge groundwater supplies. By intercepting rainfall and allowing it to infiltrate into the soil, trees contribute to the overall health of watersheds and help prevent flooding and erosion.

7. Fruit and Nut Production

Many tree species bear edible fruits, nuts, or seeds, providing a sustainable source of food for humans and wildlife. These nutritious offerings contribute to local food security and support biodiversity by attracting a variety of animals that feed on fruits and nuts.

8. Wood and Timber Resources

Trees are valuable renewable resources used for wood products, such as lumber, paper, and furniture. Sustainable forestry practices ensure that trees are harvested responsibly, allowing for the continued availability of wood and timber while preserving forest ecosystems.

9. Carbon Storage 

Trees store carbon within their biomass, including their trunks, branches, and leaves. This stored carbon represents a significant reservoir that helps offset carbon emissions from human activities, acting as a natural means of carbon sequestration.

10. Community Well-being 

Green spaces, including parks, forests, and urban tree-lined streets, contribute to the overall well-being of communities. Access to nature has been linked to numerous health benefits, including reduced stress, improved mental health, and increased physical activity. Additionally, the presence of trees enhances the aesthetic appeal of neighborhoods and creates more pleasant and livable environments for residents.

Take a look at what some of our social media family members had to say on the benefits of planting trees: 

Facebook:

John Tezi - 

" To bring good shed , To protect wind blowing and in order to bring rain. " 

Instagram:

@rewireyourmindsetstrategy -

"Fresh oxygen, better overall human health." 

@aisha_bagha -

"Good for the ecosystem"

@karuvadgraphy -

"You achieve the feel of giving birth"

BENEFITS OF CONSERVING WATER

 Conserving water saves energy. Energy is needed to filter, heat and pump water to your home, so reducing your water use also reduces your carbon footprint. Using less water keeps more in our ecosystems and helps to keep wetland habitats topped up for animals like otters, water voles, herons and fish.

Adopting water conservation practices is crucial for environmental sustainability, ensuring a more resilient and balanced relationship between human activities and the planet's water resources.

Here are some of the benefits of conserving water: 

1. Preservation of Ecosystems:

Water conservation helps maintain the health of ecosystems by ensuring an adequate supply for plants, animals, and aquatic life. It sustains biodiversity and supports the natural balance of ecosystems.

2. Resource Sustainability:

Conserving water ensures the sustainable use of this resource. By preventing over-extraction from rivers, lakes, and aquifers, we contribute to the long-term availability of clean water for future generations.

3. Energy Conservation:

Treating and distributing water requires a significant amount of energy. By reducing water usage, we indirectly lower the energy required for water treatment and transportation, leading to a more energy-efficient system.

4. Financial Savings:

Water conservation at the individual and community levels can result in lower water bills. Fixing leaks, using water-efficient appliances, and adopting responsible water practices contribute to financial savings for households and businesses.

5. Mitigation of Water Scarcity:

Many regions worldwide are facing water scarcity issues. Conservation measures can alleviate stress on water supplies, particularly in arid and drought-prone areas, helping to mitigate the impacts of water scarcity.

6. Reduced Pollution:

The treatment of wastewater involves energy and resources. By using less water, there is a decrease in the volume of wastewater produced, leading to lower levels of pollution in rivers and oceans.

7. Climate Change Mitigation:

Water conservation plays a role in climate change mitigation. Energy is often used to pump, treat, and heat water. By reducing water consumption, we indirectly contribute to lower greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy production.

8. Protection of Aquatic Habitats:

 Conserving water ensures that there is enough flow in rivers and streams to sustain aquatic habitats. Adequate water levels are crucial for the survival of fish and other aquatic organisms.

9. Preservation of Soil Quality:

Water conservation helps maintain soil moisture levels. Adequate soil moisture is essential for agriculture and prevents soil erosion, promoting healthier and more productive land.

10. Global Water Security:

 Water conservation on a global scale contributes to enhanced water security. With a growing global population and increasing demands on water resources, responsible water use is essential for meeting current and future needs.

Take a look at some of the benefits provided through Instagram: 

@aisha_bagha -

"Protects water supplies in case of drought" 

@zainab_akadir -

" Reduces water purchase costs." 

@_real_rizwana -

" More ways to use and benefits more people, species etc. " 

3. EDUCATION

 

When you further your own education, you can help others understand the importance and value of our natural resources. Education plays a key role in saving the planet. 

In this chapter we shall be looking at some of the ways how education and knowledge help the planet. 

1. Increased Awareness

Education, particularly environmental education, informs people about the state of the planet. It highlights environmental issues, such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution, making individuals more conscious of their impact.

2. Promotes Sustainable Practices

 Education teaches individuals about sustainable practices, such as energy conservation, waste reduction, recycling, and sustainable agriculture. People who understand these practices are more likely to adopt them in their daily lives.

3. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

 Education enhances critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This is vital for addressing complex environmental challenges and finding innovative solutions to sustainability issues.

4. Policy Advocacy

Education empowers individuals to engage in policy advocacy. Informed citizens can influence government policies and support environmental legislation and initiatives.

5. Biodiversity Conservation 

Education about the importance of biodiversity and ecosystems encourages people to protect wildlife and natural habitats, contributing to biodiversity conservation efforts.

5. Reduction of Resource Consumption 

Educated individuals are more likely to reduce their resource consumption, including water, energy, and materials, helping to mitigate environmental degradation.

6. Community Engagement 

Education promotes community involvement in environmental projects. Schools and universities often organize environmental initiatives, fostering a sense of responsibility among students.

7. Global Collaboration

Education enables global collaboration. Through international educational programs and partnerships, people from different countries can work together to address global environmental issues.

8. Innovation for Sustainability 

Education drives innovation in sustainable technologies and practices. Educated individuals are more likely to develop and adopt eco-friendly technologies.

9. Economic Impact 

Education contributes to sustainable economic growth. It supports the development of green industries and environmentally friendly job opportunities.

10. Climate Action 

Climate education helps individuals understand the impact of climate change and encourages them to take actions to reduce carbon emissions, such as using public transportation and adopting renewable energy sources.

11. Responsible Consumer Choices

Education informs consumers about the environmental impact of their choices. Informed consumers make more sustainable decisions when buying products and services.

12. Crisis Preparedness

Education prepares communities to respond to environmental disasters. Understanding disaster management and preparedness can save lives and reduce environmental damage during crises.

13. Long-Term Thinking

Education instills a sense of responsibility for future generations. It encourages people to think beyond their lifetimes and consider the impact of their actions on the planet's future.

14. Cultural Appreciation

Education fosters an appreciation for the natural world and cultural practices that promote environmental conservation. This understanding helps preserve traditional knowledge and practices that are essential for sustainability.

Education is a powerful tool for raising awareness, promoting sustainable practices, fostering critical thinking, and driving change. By equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills to address environmental challenges, education plays a pivotal role in the collective effort to save the planet!

Take a look at what our viewers on Instagram have to say: 

@real_rizwana -

" More awareness and knowledge"

@aisha_bagha -

"Raises awareness on many issues affecting the planet" 

HOW YOU CAN VOLUNTEER

In our last chapter we had an in-depth discussion about what volunteering is. In this chapter let us look at the ways in which you can volunteer. 

There are several ways to volunteer to protect our environment including volunteering your time, your finances and simply creating awareness through education. 

There are tons of ways that you can add to this growing movement of environmental action which includes volunteering your time to causes that help the planet. Here are some: 

1. Plant trees.

2. Protect national parks and reserves and keep them clean. 

3. Host a cleanup whether its for a park, beach or the neighborhood!

4. Volunteer to help out wildlife rescue and rehabilitation programs doing animal care or administrative work.

5. Volunteer at animal shelters. 

6. Join a movement or volunteer of legitimate environmental organizations like the The SOL Foundation!

7. Become a food waste warrior by volunteering your time at the food bank or with organizations that center around the same theme. 

8. Pitch in at a community garden. Community gardens are shared plots of land used to grow fruit, vegetables and other plants for personal use, or in some cases for food charities, while building a strong sense of community and lifelong learning. You can also donate to The SOL Foundation school garden program : https://www.the-sol-foundation.org/school-garden-project.html

9. Volunteer your time with organizations that help that save water and in keeping water clean. 

Let us take a look at what some of the feedback from our Instagram family: 

@aisha_bagha

"Reuse, reduce, recycle." 

@rewireyourmindsetstrategy 

"Donate time, money or resources."

2. VOLUNTEER

Volunteering can also have significant environmental benefits. 

Volunteers often work on conservation or sustainability projects that contribute to the protection and restoration of natural environments. 

This work can help combat climate change, protect biodiversity, and promote sustainable development.

In this chapter we shall take a look at what volunteering means, how we can volunteer, and the benefits of volunteering to the environment. 

Who is a volunteer?

A volunteer is a person who does something, especially helping other people, willingly and without being forced or paid to do it. 

People volunteer in order to help others in need. This type of volunteering is most common in social welfare and in large, formal organizations such as charities. Volunteers are frequently managed in the same way as paid staff, and they are recruited and trained for specific roles.

Whether you are a parent wanting to get back to work, or a retired person wanting to give back to your community or a student who wants to gain experience. The experience and skills gained from volunteering with charities can be invaluable.

Volunteer skills

While you don't require much skillsets to become a volunteer, here's a list that can help you when seeking to volunteer:

• Leadership skills
• Problem-solving
• Organisation & planning
• Communication & interpersonal skills
• Relationship building
• Mentoring skills & training others
• Teamwork
• Time management
• Reporting

So, are you ready to volunteer for a cause of your choice? 

KENYAN SCHOOL GARDEN TREES

 Introduction 

The School Garden project initiated by SOL in collaboration with different partners aims to create a safe and productive environment for the underprivileged communities in rural Kenya. 

Schools are then trained to plant their own trees , hence able to provide food and nutrition for their members. The gardens have also helped provide income. 

We all grateful to all the local organizations, schools, teachers, students and most of all the contributors who have helped achieve this goal. 

This blog series will focus on the different trees which have been planted in the gardens, their location and their benefits. 

Together we can help achieve all the zero hunger goals and end hunger. 

ANIMAL EXTINCTION

 What is Extinction?

According to biology; Extinction occurs when species are diminished because of environmental forces or because of evolutionary changes in their members. 

Extinction simply is the condition that arises from the death of the last surviving individual of a species, group or gene globally or locally.

Extinction is an evolutive process that leads to the disappearance of a species or a population. When a species becomes extinct, its entire genetic heritage is lost for good. 

With evolution, a species can become another in order to adapt to the small environmental changes or due to casual changes in its genetic heritage. This process is known as speciation, in other words the birth of a new species. 

Speciation and extinction are both part of the natural evolutive process of living beings. The great extinctions in history, in fact, were accompanied by the formation of new species that have given continuity and vigor to the diversities of life. 

Normally two types of extinction may be classified. There is the background extinction that is the slow and, for us, imperceptible trend of the living creatures to transform constantly. And then there is the episodic extinction, with massive and concomitant deaths of species, triggered by rapid changes in the environment. In general, the extinctions that contributed most to the drastic changes in the flora and fauna in the earth’s history, were of the second type. Some extreme events took place on a vast scale during the course of the geological eras, like climate changes or the impact of our planet with comets and asteroids, which translated into environmental perturbations that were so radical that there were not many possibilities of escape for a multitude of organisms. At various times of the Earth’s history, these phenomena have been very severe limiting factors for the survival of the species, and at times these have drastically cut biodiversity in entire geographic regions, causing the so-called mass extinctions. 

INSPIRATIONAL PEOPLE

 In this chapter we shall look at some inspirational people around the globe who have been and are strong warriors in the fight of climate change and a sustainable environment. We can learn a lot from their lives and follow their research, teachings, methods into a better world for our future. 

GRETA THUNBERG, SWEDEN

In August 2018, Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, 15, spent her school days outside the Swedish parliament calling for stronger action on climate change by holding up a sign reading "Skolstrejk för klimatet" (school strike for climate). Her image went viral and later that year, she addressed the United Nations Climate Change Conference, which sparked multiple school protests around the world. 

Her global influence has been dubbed the "Greta Effect" and she was named Time magazine's person of the year in 2019. She has received widespread recognition for her straight-talking manner, both in public and to political leaders around the world.

She is an inspiration to many, her age and elder. And those younger look up to her to follow her footsteps in taking climate action. 

THE LATE WANGARI MAATHAI; ENVIRONMENTALIST, NOBEL PRIZE WINNER. KENYA

The late Wangari Maathai had great persuasive powers working as Kenya’s assistant minister for the environment. Wangari single-handedly talked the Mexican army, French celebrities, Japanese geishas and thousands of schools to plant trees. She spent most of her life planting saplings. She was the founder of the Green Belt Movement, an initiative through which billions of trees have been planted and millions of more others pledged.

Wangari succeeded in putting deforestation high on the African agenda and made tree planting an act of change in which everyone must engage.

An inspiration many young environmental activists who continue her work in the country. 

CHRISTIANA FIGUERES, COSTA RICA

As head of the UN climate change convention, Christiana Figueres brought together the biggest voices in government, finance and technology, NGOs and activists to deliver the historic 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change. She persuaded 195 countries to commit to keeping a global temperature rise this century below two degrees Celsius. 

She's also the founder of the Global Optimism group, a platform which works with organizations to make their systems more sustainable. Her new book, The Future We Choose: Surviving The Climate Crisis, focuses on changing people's consciousness towards climate change and offers 10 actions which include building gender equality. Her goal is to halve our emissions by 2030.

DR JANE GOODALL, UK

In the early 1960s, 26-year-old Jane Goodall travelled from England to what is now Tanzania and ventured into the little-known world of wild chimpanzees. Equipped with only a notepad, binoculars and a passion for wildlife, Goodall opened the world's eyes to humankind's closest living relatives. 

Her incredible field research spans over 60 years and has redefined species conservation to include the needs of both local people and the environment, as well as showing the world how to protect chimpanzees from extinction. 

In 1977, Dr Goodall founded the Jane Goodall Institute, an international community that drives conservation. She's now an activist who speaks about the plight of wild chimpanzees and the environmental crisis, urging us all to take action.

ISATOU CEESAY, THE GAMBIA

Known in The Gambia as the "Queen of Plastic", Isatou Ceesay has been empowering women there to recycle plastic waste, the country's biggest pollutant, for 17 years. 

Along with four others, Ceesay initiated a recycling project called One Plastic Bag in 1998 near her native village, which aimed to educate communities on the necessity to reclaim waste and turn it into revenue. Every week, members of the Women Initiative The Gambia (WIG) produce craft wallets, bags and balls for children using the reclaimed plastic bags which they cut, knit and sew. The group has amassed more than 2,000 members in 40 different communities throughout the country with many communities now opting to use paper bags in local stores.

ELLEN MACARTHUR, UK

Having become the fastest solo sailor to circumnavigate the globe in 2005, Dame Ellen MacArthur saw firsthand the negative impact of marine waste. She launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation in 2010, which aims to reinvent traditional methods of production and consumption and create sustainable alternatives. 

In 2018, the foundation launched its New Plastics Economy Global Commitment in collaboration with UN Environment to eliminate plastic waste which saw big-name companies such as H&M Group, L'Oréal and Unilever commit to limiting or eradicating their plastic packaging.

PAUL WATSON, CANADA 

Watson was an early member of Greenpeace International (founded in 1971). During his years with the organization, he often employed daring and innovative tactics to defend wildlife from hunters, such as positioning his inflatable Zodiac boat between a pod of sperm whales and the harpoon of a large Soviet whaling vessel or forcing sealing ships to a halt by standing on the ice in their path. He also was known to handcuff himself to a pile of seal pelts being hoisted up onto a sealing vessel. 

Watson shared his passion for animals and the environment through his involvement with numerous other organizations, including Defenders of Wildlife, Friends of the Wolf, Fund for Animals, the Royal Society for the Protection of Animals, and the Sierra Club, of which he was director (2003–06).

WILLIAM (BILL) MCKIBBEN, AMERICA

Bill McKibben is an American environmentalist, author, and journalist who has written extensively on the impact of global warming. 

 Bill McKibben is also a Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College. In 2007, with six Middlebury College students, McKibben set up Step It Up 2007, which organized more than 1400 climate change demonstrations across the United States. He now leads a similar campaign on a global basis with the group 350.org, and in 2011 he led the fight to stop the Keystone Pipeline project.

ANGELA MERKEL, GERMAN CHANCELLOR

Angela Merkel is quite vocal in matters of climate change and an advocate of green living on a global stage. She stands among the few with a grasp of what failed humanity means and an avid player remaining to hammer out the 1997 Kyoto global warming agreement. Under her leadership, Germany is spearheading climate change policies. The country wants 40% cuts within 13 years without resorting to nuclear power.

MARINA SILVA, BRAZIL

Marina, a Brazilian environmentalist, spent most of her childhood collecting rubber from the Amazon forest. She demonstrated against the destruction of wrought by illegal loggers. Under her watch deforestation has reduced by over 70% with millions of reserves given to traditional communities.

"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has." 

- Margaret Mead

How to Go Green.

 In this chapter we shall look at some of the simple ways we can adopt to a sustainable lifestyle.

 If you want to “go Green”, you’re not expected to do everything to day, you can't suddenly transform your life 180.  If you try to do that, most likely you’ll give up due to the overwhelming-ness of it all.  Just make a few small changes in your daily life to begin to go green.

For example, recycling is a huge way to begin to go green and do your part to encourage re-usable resources.  Instead of plastic, paper, aluminum and glass ending up in a landfill, it can be re purposed and used again.  By recycling, you are “going Green”.

Another to go green is when your cleaning products run out, try to replace them with products that are “organic” or “chemically free”.  When you use products containing harmful chemicals, the chemicals get washed down the drain and end up back in our water sources.

When you’re in the market for a new vehicle, look for one that is more fuel efficient.  You don’t need to sell your existing car now to go green.  Remember, small steps.  

Here are some small steps you can follow:

• When your batteries run out, replace them with rechargeable batteries.  The electrical energy is used and than the battery can be re-used after its charging.
• When your gas powered lawn mower gives out, look for an electric one. 
• While shopping at the grocery store, bring your own canvas sacks instead of taking home their plastic bags.
• Shop at Farmer’s Markets.  Purchasing from local farmers keeps money in the local economy.
• Ride your bike instead of driving when you’re able.
• Turn off your tap water while brushing your teeth and turn off lights when they are not necessary.
• Set your thermostat a few degrees lower in the winter and a few degrees higher in the summer to save on heating and cooling costs.
• Unplug appliances when you’re not using them. Or, use a smart” power strip that senses when appliances are off.
• Wash clothes in cold water whenever possible. As much as 85 percent of the energy used to machine-wash clothes goes to heating the water.  Use a drying rack or clothesline to save the energy otherwise used during machine drying.
• Skip buying bottled water and purchase a re-usable water bottle, preferably aluminum rather than plastic, to use and refill.
• Create a compost pile for use in your garden.
• Shop re-sale for clothing and use your local library to borrow books.
• Buy in bulk. Purchasing food from bulk bins can save money and packaging.
• Keep your cell phones, computers and other electronics as long as possible then donate or recycle them responsibly when the time comes.  
• The more you do online, the less you need paper. Think about if you can send emails instead of letters or if you need to print files or if you can save them on your computer 
• One of the simplest ways to reduce energy consumption is to switch lights off when you leave a room. If it’s sunny outside open up the blinds and make the most of natural light instead.
•  Reuse before recycle
• Both in services and offices make sure computers are switched off when you’re not using them rather than just leaving them on standby – you’d be amazed how much energy this saves!
• Bringing lunches to work in reusable containers is probably the greenest (and healthiest) way to eat at work. Buying lunches everyday almost inevitably ends up with a miniature mountain of packaging waste and is way more expensive than making your own too!
•  Plant a simple backyard garden.  It’s good to remember where our food originates, and it doesn’t have to be huge or complicated.

At The Seed of Life Foundation we encourage sustainability all round, and encourage adopting a sustainable lifestyle. Keeping that in mind take a look at our Baby Steps Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnMJNpI5rqg and  -1 initiative video on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sACJ4cmJE4o&t=7s

Importance of Waste Management

 The goal of Zero Waste is to:

• Maximize recycling
• Minimize waste
• Reduce consumption
• Ensure products are made to be reused, repaired, or recycled
• Purchase sustainable products 
• The protection of the environment and the health of the population.
• waste management and recycling collection can help conserve our planet’s natural beauty which can be flawed by thoughtless disposal of waste, fly-tipping and senseless littering.
• Economic benefits through creating employment. 

Zero Waste systems reduce greenhouse gases by:

• Saving energy -- especially by reducing energy consumption associated with extracting, processing, and transporting raw materials and waste
• Reducing and eventually eliminating the need for landfills and incinerators

THE 5Rs OF ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT ( Part 3 )

5.Rot What’s Left

The ultimate step in the 5 R’s of zero waste living is to rot, in other words compost. You can do a lot with your food scraps rather than throw them in the waste bin. Compost them and you’ll be creating a nutrient rich fertilizer you can use in your garden. 

It’s estimated that 60% of landfills in the US are full of organic matter. Unfortunately, it doesn’t have time to break down because landfills aren’t aerated. Instead, the organic matter releases methane into the atmosphere, thereby hastening climate related issues. Because the organic materials are mixed together with inorganic materials,  a perfect preserved atmosphere is created.

Indoor composting is what you need to be doing if you don’t have an outside space. Worm bins are the most common way to compost indoors. Make sure you keep a good mix of carbon (paper, cardboard, newspaper, dry leaves) and nitrogen (food scraps). Around 50/50 is best. Add to your compost bin some composting worms and you’re good to go. 

Another option is a Bokashi Bin. It’s a big bucket into which you put all your composting material. You mash it down and then add an activator mix full of microbes that speeds up the decomposition process. Compost can be created in as little as 4 weeks. 

What can you compost? You can compost plant materials like veggie scraps, non-citrus fruit peels and seeds, nut shells, as well as egg shells, coffee grinds, loose tea, brown paper, hair (non-chemically processed), nail clippings (unpolished) and fireplace ashes.

Regardless of your chosen compost method, watch your household waste output shrink before your very eyes! 

Taking a look at the above 5Rs of waste management we conclude how important it is to effectively utilize these methods in our journey to Zero Waste lifestyle. None of them are easy to apply but we can start small scaled with baby steps until it becomes a lifestyle passed on to our generations. 

Here is a take on the 5Rs of waste management by one of our Facebook family members: 

Kibet Ron -

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.

THE 5 Rs OF ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT ( Part 1)

Waste contributes to the pollution of our oceans and lakes, and it increases the greenhouse gas effect that causes global warming. It is no longer good enough to buy plastic and feel ok because you recycle it. It is time to refuse, reduce and reuse first.

The world uses half a million straws every day.

It is estimated that 4 trillion plastic bags are used worldwide annually. Only 1% of plastic bags are returned for recycling. All that waste can be eliminated by switching to reusable shopping bags. Plastic carrier bags are used on average for 12 minutes, it takes at least 500 years for those bags to degrade in landfill. Unfortunately, these bags don’t break down completely, instead they photo-degrade. This means that they become micro plastics that absorb and release toxins that continue to pollute the environment long after they have ‘degraded’.

In 2016 the worlds plastic production totaled around 335million metric tons, roughly half of this was destined for single use product.

Single use plastics often do not even make it to landfill, on average 30% of the 78million tons of plastic packaging produced annually is left to flow into our oceans – this is the equivalent to pouring 1 truck of plastic into the ocean every minute! This is expected to increase by 2 per minute by 2030 and 4 per minute in 2050. This means that by the year 2050 there could be more plastic in the ocean than fish!

500 billion disposable cups are consumed every year. Styrofoam cannot be completely recycled. Most of the Styrofoam disposed of today will still be present in landfills 500 years from now.

So how can you make a difference? There are 5 R’s of waste management that you can use to help cut down your carbon footprint and the negative impact on our planet.

1. Refuse – Learn How to Say No and Mean It

The first step of the 5 R process. And a difficult one. 

The best and most effective way of eliminating waste in your life is refusing to create it in the first place. It is about being conscious about what you consume and refusing what you don’t actually need. 

 Things like carrier bags, disposable coffee cups, cutlery and straws are the biggest culprits. They are a part of our daily lives and we often receive and use them without thinking about it but these products are mostly made from plastic and after one use most end up in landfill or, through improper disposal, our oceans. 

So start making smarter buying decisions be it personally or for business , and say no to plastic and non recyclable waste. Go for reusable containers or bags, metal/wooden straws and carry your refillable coffee mug or bottle.

Here are lots of other ways you can refuse by saying no:

- Flyers and business cards: If you’re offered one, take a picture of it using your phone, thereby negating the need for the physical item.

- Marketing freebies: We all like to receive things for free, but learn to say no if you don’t need them. Just because it’s free, don’t take that as a reason to accept it. Marketing freebies, such as pens and USB drives, are brilliant examples. If you know you won’t use them, leave them for someone who will. -

- Chemical cleaners and air fresheners: These might seem like essential items, but you can make them at home with things you’ve already got in your cupboard.

- Single-use plastics and disposables: Included in this section are straws, cutlery, and plastic bags.

Produce wrapped in plastic: Send a message to the supermarkets and only choose products that aren’t wrapped in plastic or netting. Shop for produce at your local farmer’s market, greengrocers, local food co-op, or direct from the farm. 

- Free bottles of water: When you attend a conference or are flying, say no to the free bottle of water and take your own reusable water bottle instead. 

- Junk mail: Stick a ‘no junk mail’ notice on your letter box to stop paper deliveries.

2. Reduce – Learn to Let Go

Reducing your consumption is all about the virtue of conservation and the notion of doing more with less. Reducing waste is the most important thing we can do. By reducing waste, we avoid the unnecessary use of resources such as materials, energy and water. It means there is less waste to manage.

“Reduce” in the context of zero waste might mean letting go of items in the house that you no longer need, and donating, selling or upcycling them. Then you can alleviate clutter and create space.

“Reducing” might also mean shopping with a purpose and focusing on necessary purchases as opposed to random splurges on things that you don’t really need.

So how can we reduce waste?

- Buy in bulk to reduce packaging

- Take a reusable shopping bag with you so you don't have to use a paper or plastic bag from the shop

- Say ‘no’ to a plastic shopping bag when you only have a couple of items

- Choose products that use less packaging 

- Buy reusable items rather than disposable ones

- Stick a "no junk mail" sign on your letter box

- Take your lunch to school in a reusable container.

Zero-Waste History

 Throughout most of history, the amount of waste generated by humans was insignificant due to low levels of population density and exploitation of natural resources. Common waste produced during pre-modern times was mainly ashes and human biodegradable waste, and these were released back into the ground locally, with minimum environmental impact. Tools made out of wood or metal were generally reused or passed down through the generations.

Early waste disposal ; In ancient cities, wastes were thrown onto unpaved streets and roadways, where they were left to accumulate. It was not until 320 BCE in Athens that the first known law forbidding this practice was established. At that time a system for waste removal began to evolve in Greece and in the Greek-dominated cities of the eastern Mediterranean. In ancient Rome, property owners were responsible for cleaning the streets fronting their property. But organized waste collection was associated only with state-sponsored events such as parades. Disposal methods were very crude, involving open pits located just outside the city walls. As populations increased, efforts were made to transport waste farther out from the cities.

After the fall of Rome, waste collection and municipal sanitation began a decline that lasted throughout the Middle Ages. Near the end of the 14th century, scavengers were given the task of carting waste to dumps outside city walls. But this was not the case in smaller towns, where most people still threw waste into the streets. It was not until 1714 that every city in England was required to have an official scavenger. Toward the end of the 18th century in America, municipal collection of garbage was begun in Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia. 

References: 

-https://datatopics.worldbank.org/what-a-waste/trends_in_solid_waste_management.html#:~:text=Globally%2C%20most%20waste%20is%20currently,with%20landfill%20gas%20collection%20systems.

- http://www.romesightseeing.net/the-history-of-plumbing-pompeii-and-herculaneum

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT PART 2

Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process.

Waste management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological and household. In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human health.

Waste is produced by human activity, for example, the extraction and processing of raw materials.]

Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment or aesthetics.

Zero Waste is a whole system approach to resource management centered on reducing, reusing, and recycling. 

Zero waste management means the holistic concept of waste management which recognizes waste as a resource produced during the interim phase of the process of resource consumption. Zero waste strategies may be applied to companies, to communities, industrial sectors, to schools, and homes since they include many stakeholders, not only those of the environment, but also technological aspects. 

Proper management of waste is important for building sustainable and livable cities, but it remains a challenge for many developing countries and cities.

There are 5 types of wastes: 

1. Liquid Waste

- Liquid waste is commonly found both in households as well as in industries. This waste includes dirty water, organic liquids, wash water, waste detergents and even rainwater.

2. Solid Rubbish

- Solid rubbish can include a variety of items found in your household along with commercial and industrial locations. 

- These can be; Plastic waste which consists of bags, containers, jars, bottles and many other products that can be found in your household. Plastic is not biodegradable, but many types of plastic can be recycled. Plastic should not be mix in with your regular waste, it should be sorted and placed in your recycling bin.

- Paper/card waste which includes packaging materials, newspapers, cardboards and other products. Paper can easily be recycled and reused. 

- Tins and metals which can be found in various forms throughout your home. Most metals can be recycled. 

- Ceramics and glass which can easily be recycled. 

3. Organic Waste

- Organic waste is another common household. All food waste, garden waste, manure and rotten meat are classified as organic waste. Over time, organic waste is turned into manure by microorganisms. However, this does not mean that you can dispose them anywhere.

- Organic waste in landfills causes the production of methane, so it must never be simply discarded with general waste.

4. Recyclable Rubbish

- Recyclable rubbish includes all waste items that can be converted into products that can be used again. Solid items such as paper, metals, furniture and organic waste can all be recycled. 

- If you’re unsure whether an item is recyclable or not, look at the packaging or the diagrams on the lid of your yellow recycling bin. Most products will explicitly state whether they are recyclable or not.

5. Hazardous Waste

- Hazardous waste includes all types of rubbish that are flammable, toxic, corrosive and reactive.

-These items can harm you as well as the environment and must be disposed of correctly. 

ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT

 What is Zero Waste?

There is an urgent need of setting a new goal for how we live in the world; one that aims to reduce what we trash in landfills and incinerators to zero and to rebuild our local economies in support of community health, sustainability, and justice. This is where zero-waste management comes in. 

So what really is zero waste?

At its most basic level, zero waste is about significantly reducing (and eventually completely eliminating) the amount of resources that we send to disposal. Most of what we now waste can be safely and economically recycled, reused, composted, or turned into biogas through anaerobic digestion. We also need to simply use fewer disposable products and redesign our products so that they are toxic-free and built to last. 

But zero waste is about much more.

It’s really about redefining the system. We currently live in an economy where we take resources from the earth and then dump them in a giant hole in the ground (back to the earth). 

The goal of zero waste is to move to an economy where we write trash out of existence. So that there is no trash in nature. Instead of discarding resources, we create a system where all resources can be resumed fully back into the system.

We can hence conclude that, Zero Waste is a philosophy, a strategy, and a set of practical tools seeking to eliminate waste, not manage it. 

A huge thanks to all those who commented from on our Facebook page. Here is their your takes on Zero Waste: 

Resom Tesfamariam -

I think the concept of zero waste is clear, the challenge is how to start practicing it? What institution is needed? What system has to be install? Expertise required? Capital and what is the source of capital? etc. Are the most challenging issues in developing countries.

Rashidah Aasim Asad - 

Using environmentally friendly products and we recycle