The SOL Foundation ™

The SOL Foundation ™
Showing posts with label animals. Show all posts
Showing posts with label animals. Show all posts

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

CHAPTER 5: ACTIONS WE CAN TAKE TO PROTECT ENDANGERED ANIMALS

 “What you can do in response to the ocean of suffering may seem insignificant, but it is very important that you do it.” – Mahatma Gandhi.

Here are some of the simple ways in which we can all contribute towards the protection of animals: 

1. Discard the use of plastics

Plastic is poison for our animals and marine life. They do not understand and consume plastic along with the food. If we stop using plastic, we will not just save the environment, but also, animals.

2. Feeding local animals

Giving food to cats, dogs, birds and other such animals in your vicinity is also one to protect animals and take care of them. Due to COVID, many such strays died in hunger. During the summer most animals die of thirst and heat waves, lets make a point to put out water for these animals. 

3. Wildlife habitat conservation

Governments around the world have set up national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. In these places, the animals have a completely natural habitat to live in but they are also protected from the threats in a normal jungle. Threats like hunting and poaching are rampant today and we cannot let animals fall prey to that. We have to respect these boundaries. When we go to visit these places, we should not leave garbage there. We should try to make as less of an impact as we can in these areas.

4. Create awareness

One of the best ways you can protect endangered animals is to know about them. Find out which are such animals in your area or country. So, if you spot one somewhere, you can help alert the authorities and protect them.

Another way to protect endangered animals is to create awareness about them. You can create local community groups that work for this cause. Having seminars is another way of creating awareness. Also, inculcating lessons in student’s academics on how to protect animals will go a long way.

5. Donating to Non-profits supporting this cause

Non-profits working to protect animals are short on funds often. They are trying to do a noble thing by working on how to protect animals. Therefore, donating resources to them can be very helpful. Resources can be of various types. You can donate money or even help them set up their infrastructure services.

6. Keeping water sources such as rivers clean

Animals depend on natural sources of water to quench their thirst. Nowadays, we have polluted our rivers so much that animals are getting sick drinking from there. Many even die because of it. Therefore, having river cleaning drives will help in solving this problem.

7. Plant more trees

Let us save trees and plant more of them. We also need to focus on planting native species. Native plants help maintain the ecosystem just the way it should be. When the ecosystem is functioning properly, endangered animals are also taken care of.

8. Stop using products that endanger animals 

Including herbicides, plastics, strong chemicals, products made from animal skin or fur or any other part of an animal's body such as horns, tusks. 

9. Avoid using herbicides

Although herbicides and pesticides keep your plants and yard looking nice, they can be dangerous to native plants and animals. They can get washed away, entering streams where animals drink or getting in the soil where endangered plants grow. 

Instead, use natural herbicides or begin composting with natural materials.

10. Keep your neighborhood safe for wildlife

To protect endangered species in your neighborhood, specifically animals, do your part by making your home and neighborhood wildlife-friendly. Often, animals are attracted to homes because of open garbage cans or pet food left outside. Make sure your garbage cans are secure and feed pets inside. 

You can also clean bird baths to prevent the spreading of disease, and you can add stickers or decals to windows so birds don’t fly into them. Tell your neighbors about these simple steps they can take as well. 

11. Be cautious while driving

This is a rule you should follow all the time, but if you’re in a wooded area, slow down. Animals live in developed regions as well, so be on the lookout when you’re driving for wildlife near the roads.

Roads present a hazard to wildlife, and so many animals are killed due to vehicle collisions. You never know when an endangered species could be crossing the road.


Here are other suggestions from our social media family: 

( Facebook ) 

AQ Omotola Rashidah -

There’s a need to create lots of awareness and educate people on the need to protect endangered species. Replicate these messages in local languages for proper understanding.

Depending on the type of specie, if there are alternatives to them, there should be sensitization as regards that as well.

Sometimes, using the people who are likely to threaten the existence of these endangered species should be made their gate keepers and protectors.

And lastly, there’s a need for compliance and enforcement on the policies, laws and punishments to those who do not abide by the rules."

Cecilie Mjelde -

" 1. Stop contributing to deforestation and drought.

2. Extend that compassion to all living creatures. "

( Instagram) 

@koech_jerotich -

" Protect their home." 

@rewireyourmindsetstrategy -

" Education, education and education. But not only book education but rather awareness education, hands on education and education to connect back to nature. Cause without nature and animal species, human species are doomed." 

@aisha_bagha -

" Avoid deforestation and protect their habitat "

@zainab_akadir -

" Recycle... Reduce, Reuse "



Tuesday, June 22, 2021

ENDENGERED ANIMALS - Part 2

 There are numerous species currently in danger of extinction. Most of them are caused directly or indirectly by man: climate change, destruction of their habitat, illegal hunting, etc.

Here are some of the species in risk of extinction: 

1. Amur Leopard 

2. Black Rhino - Javan Rhino - Sumatran Rhino

3. Bornean Orangutan - Sumatran Orangutan

4. Cross River Gorilla - Eastern & Western Lowland Gorilla 

5. Hawksbill Turtle - Leatherback Sea Turtle - Red Crowned Roofed Turtle

6. Sumatran Elephant 

7. Sunda Tiger - Malayan Tiger 

8. Saola 

9. North Atlantic Right Whale 

10. Tooth-billed Pigeon

11. Gharial ( fish eating crocodile from India) 

12. Kakapo ( ground-dwelling parrots from New Zealand )

13. Vaquita 

14. Vancouver Island Marmot

15. Giant Panda 

16. Yangtze Finless Porpoise 

17. Scimitar Oryx 

18. Southern Rockhopper Penguin 

19. Salt Creek Tiger Beetle

20. Western Chimpanzee


Thursday, May 27, 2021

HUMAN INDUCED CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

Current rates of human-induced extinctions are estimated to be about 1,000 times greater than past natural (background) rates of extinction, leading some scientists to call modern times the sixth mass extinction.

 This high extinction rate is largely due to the exponential growth in human numbers: growing from about 1 billion in 1850, the world’s population reached 2 billion in 1930 and more than 7.8 billion in 2020 and is expected to reach about 10 billion by 2050. As a result of increasing human populations, habitat loss is the greatest factor in current levels of extinction. 

Here we take a look at some of the human-induced causes of extinction: 

1. Over harvesting 

Humans use thousands of the world’s species in their daily lives for food, shelter, and medicine. But these natural resources are limited. People can take only so many fish from the sea or cut down so many acres of forests without permanently damaging ecosystems and threatening species. For many species, this “overharvesting” may mean total extinction.

2. Habitat Loss 

When people cut down forests, build cities, or make roads, they destroy habitats–the places where plants, animals, and other organisms live.

3. Pollution 

Acid rain destroys forests. Oil spills kill coastal plants and animals. Poisons wash into waterways. Plastic trash entangles wildlife. It’s easy to see how pollution is a big problem for biodiversity.

Thank you Ted Decker from our Facebook Family for your input: 

"The mere fact that today we are surrounded by all animals, prove they have survived climate change for 4 million years. I don't think we have to worry. The problem is that man's garbage is contributing to the escalation of the process, not causing it." 


REFERENCE: 

John L. Gittleman

Dean of the graduate faculty at the University of Georgia's Odum School of Ecology. Editor of Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution; co-editor of Carnivore Conservation.

Monday, May 17, 2021

REASONS / CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

 In this chapter we shall brush through some of the causes or reasons of extinction. In our next chapter however, we shall look at the human induced causes in depth. 

1. Habitat Loss 

The most common cause of endangerment is habitat loss. Plants and animals need space to live and energy provided by food, just as humans do. As human population and consumption increase, wildlife habitat is converted to houses and highways. Forests are cut down for building materials, fuel, and paper.

Even if habitat is not completely destroyed, it can be fragmented or degraded so much that it can no longer support the species it once did.

Many species, particularly large mammals, need large areas of habitat to survive and reproduce. Patches of forest or grassland surrounded by farms or cities, or divided by roads, will not support these species. 

2. Changes in the Atmosphere 

We know little about how changes in our atmosphere, such as global warming or ozone depletion, is affecting other life forms. However it is becoming more apparent every day that climate change is, and will have a significant impact on the planets species.

3. Diseases 

Disease and insect infestations, which are natural and nonthreatening phenomena in many ecosystems, can deal a death blow to populations weakened or depleted by other pressures.

4. Climatic Heating and Cooling

Climate Change is caused by a number of things. The effect that climate has on extinction is very big. The biodiverse Earth can't keep up with the rapid changes in temperature and climate. The species are not used to severe weather conditions and long seasons, or a changing chemical make-up of their surroundings. As more species die, it is only making it more difficult for the survivors to find food. The warmer climates we are used to present-day are perfect for diseases and epidemics to thrive.

5. Changes in the Sea levels of Currents 

The changes in sea levels and currents is a result, in part, of the melting freshwater. The denser, saltier water sinks and forms the currents that marine life depends on. Ocean floor spreading and rising also affects sea level. A small rise in the ocean floor can displace a lot of water onto land that is all ready occupied. The gases from the volcanic activity can also be absorbed by the water, thus changing the chemical composition, making it unsuitable for some life.

6. Asteroids/ Cosmic Radiation 

Asteroids hit the earth with extreme force. The reverberations can be felt around the world. The impact site is completely destroyed.

Cosmic Radiation is radiation being emitted from outer space and the Sun. It is hypothesized that being exposed to too much cosmic radiation can mutate genes, which can potentially weaken a species' genepool in the future. Since the radiation comes from space and the Sun, it is extremely difficult to avoid the radiation. Supernova remnants is one source of cosmic radiation.

7. Acid Rain 

Acid rain forms when sulfur dioxide and/or nitrogen oxides are put out into the atmosphere. The chemicals get absorbed by water droplets in the clouds, and eventually fall to the earth as acid precipitation. Acid rain increases the acidity of the soil which affects plant life. It can also disturb rivers and lakes to a possibly lethal level.



Thursday, April 29, 2021

RANKS OF EXTINCTION

 Since we have now defined what extinction is, in this chapter we shall look briefly into the ranks of extinction. 

Rates of extinction vary widely. 

During the last 100,000 years of the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2.6 million to 11,700 years ago), some 40 percent of the existing genera of large mammals in Africa and more than 70 percent in North America, South America, and Australia went extinct. 

Ecologists estimate that the present-day extinction rate is 1,000 to 10,000 times the background extinction rate (between one and five species per year) because of deforestation, habitat loss, overhunting, pollution, climate change, and other human activities—the sum total of which will likely result in the loss of between 30 and 50 percent of extant species by the middle of the 21st century.

Although extinction is an ongoing feature of Earth’s flora and fauna (the vast majority of species ever to have lived are extinct), the fossil record reveals five unusually large extinctions, each involving the demise of vast numbers of species. These conspicuous declines in diversity are referred to as mass extinctions; they are distinguished from the majority of extinctions, which occur continually and are referred to as background extinction. 

Ranked in descending order of severity, they are: 

  1. Permian extinction (about 265.1 million to about 251.9 million years ago), the most dramatic die-off, eliminating about half of all families, some 95 percent of marine species (nearly wiping out brachiopods and corals), and about 70 percent of land species (including plants, insects, and vertebrates).
  2. Ordovician-Silurian extinction (about 443.8 million years ago), which included about 25 percent of marine families and 85 percent of marine species, with brachiopods, conodonts, bryozoans, and trilobites suffering greatly.
  3. Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T), or Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg), extinction (about 66.0 million years ago), involving about 80 percent of all animal species, including the dinosaurs and many species of plants. Although many scientists contend that this event was caused by one or more large comets or asteroids striking Earth, others maintain that it was caused by climatic changes associated with the substantial volcanic activity of the time.
  4. End-Triassic extinction (about 201.3 million years ago), possibly caused by rapid climate change or by an asteroid striking Earth. This mass extinction event caused about 20 percent of marine families and some 76 percent of all extant species to die out, possibly within a span of about 10,000 years, thus opening up numerous ecological niches into which the dinosaurs evolved.
  5. Devonian extinctions (407.6 million to about 358.9 million years ago), which included 15–20 percent of marine families and 70–80 percent of all animal species. Roughly 86 percent of marine brachiopod species perished, along with many corals, conodonts, and trilobites.



REFERENCES:
John L. Gittleman
Dean of the graduate faculty at the University of Georgia's Odum School of Ecology. Editor of Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution; co-editor of Carnivore Conservation.